What is cybernetics?


Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the structure of regulatory systems. Cybernetics is closely related to control theory and systems theory. Both in its origins and in its evolution in the second-half of the 20th century, cybernetics is equally applicable to physical and social (that is, language-based) systems.

Contemporary cybernetics began as an interdisciplinary study connecting the fields of control systems, electrical network theory, mechanical engineering, logic modeling, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, anthropology, and psychology in the 1940s, often attributed to the Macy Conferences.

Sunday, March 15, 2009

Progress in artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence can be evaluated on constrained and well-defined problems that allow comparison with human performance. Such tests have been termed subject matter expert Turing tests. Smaller problems provide more achievable goals and there are an ever-increasing number of positive results.



Performance evaluation

The broad classes of outcome for an AI test are:

  • optimal: it is not possible to perform better
  • strong super-human: performs better than all humans
  • super-human: performs better than most humans
  • sub-human: performs worse than most humans

Optimal

    • Checkers

Super-human

  • Backgammon: strong super-human
  • Bridge: nearing strong super-human
  • Chess: nearing strong super-human
  • Reversi: strong super-human
  • Scrabble: strong super-human

Sub-human

    • Go
    • Machine translation
  • Most everyday tasks performed by humans.
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